If new ideas and new ways of doing things are to make a difference to our lives, they need people and organisations to put them into practice.

At the heart of one of the world's most successful innovation ecosystems, the University of Cambridge is full of entrepreneurial researchers and students with the drive and imagination to bring research ideas out of labs and libraries and into the real world.

Here are 10 Cambridge spinouts and start-ups that are making a difference.Our introduction to the models of research commercialisation at Cambridge is divided into two parts. Today’s post is the first part.

一种加速药物研发的新技术助力开发出了两种成功的癌症治疗方法。

A new technique that speeds up drug discovery has led to the development of two successful cancer treatments.

Kisqali 已在超过95个国家获准用于治疗晚期乳腺癌，而用于治疗晚期膀胱癌的Balversa 已于2019年获得美国食品和药物管理局的快速批准。

Kisqali has been approved for treating advanced breast cancer in more than 95 countries and Balversa, used for advanced bladder cancer, was fast-tracked for approval in 2019 by the US Food and Drug Administration.

这些药物由剑桥大学衍生的Astex公司开发，利用了剑桥大学化学家和生物化学家团队开创的基于片段的药物发现技术。

These drugs were developed by University spin-out Astex using fragment-based drug discovery, pioneered by a team of Cambridge chemists and biochemists.

该技术已被大多数主流制药公司采用，使用该技术的40多种化合物已进入临床试验阶段。

The technique has since been adopted by most major pharmaceutical companies and more than 40 compounds discovered using it have reached clinical trials.

英国的水管正在清除由侵入性软体动物造成的堵塞。

The UK's water pipes are being cleared of blockages caused by an invasive mollusc.

斑马贻贝是一种原产于东欧但现在遍布世界各地的物种，它在入侵新领土时造成了严重破坏。

The zebra mussel, a species originally native to Eastern Europe but now spread around the world, is wreaking havoc as it invades new territories.

与本地淡水贻贝不同，斑马贻贝可附着在坚硬的表面上。这导致供应原水的管道内部堵塞，水流量减少，自来水公司不得不在清洁管道时将其停用——英国每年为此耗费800万英镑。

Unlike native freshwater mussels, zebra mussels can attach to hard surfaces. This leads to a build-up on the inside of pipes that supply raw water for treatment, reducing the flow of water and forcing the water companies to take the pipes out of commission while they are cleaned - at an annual cost of £8 million in the UK.

BioBullets是一位剑桥动物学家和一位化学工程师的心血结晶。

BioBullets is the brainchild of a Cambridge zoologist and a chemical engineer.

他们一起开发出微小的脂肪覆盖颗粒，这种颗粒已被证明是斑马贻贝的食物，含有对它们致命但对其他本地物种不致命的毒素。

Together they have developed tiny fat-covered particles that have proved to be tasty morsels for the zebra mussels, containing toxins lethal to them but not to other native species.

七家供水公司正在试用这项技术，这些公司为52%的英国人口（3470万人）提供饮用水。

The technology is being trialled by seven water companies that supply drinking water to 52% of the UK population (34.7 million people).

剑桥物理学家开发的一项技术已在3500 万部手机上使用，该技术可以更快地发送和接收数据，通过使用更少的电力来降低二氧化碳排放量。

A technology developed by Cambridge physicists is used in 35 million phones to send and receive data faster, using less power and with lower CO2 emissions.

一组物理学家研发了一种低成本的微机电 (MEMS) 替代品，可替代连接到固定电容器的昂贵开关。它的数字可变电容器既提高了发送和接收数据的速度，又降低了功率，与宽带天线相比，效率提高了100%。

A team of physicists came up with a low-cost micro-electromechanical (MEMS) alternative to expensive switches connected to fixed capacitors. Its digital variable capacitors both increase the speed at which data can be sent and received and reduce the power needed to do so, increasing efficiency by as much as 100% in comparison to broadband antennas.

其电容器还可减少二氧化碳排放量。3500万部采用该技术的手机节省的能源估计相当于每年排放 200 万公斤二氧化碳。

Its capacitors also reduce CO2 emissions. The energy saved by the 35 million phones containing this technology equates to an estimated combined 2 million kg of CO2 emissions per year.

Cavendish Kinetics于1994年从大学衍生，并于2019年被Qorvo Inc以超过3亿美元的价格收购。

Cavendish Kinetics was spun out of the University in 1994 and acquired by Qorvo Inc in 2019 for more than $300 million.

一项非侵入性检测与 AI 相结合，有助于发现组织样本中食道癌的早期迹象。

A non-invasive test coupled with AI is helping to spot the early signs of oesophageal cancer in tissue samples.

食管癌是世界上最致命的癌症之一，而且发病率呈上升趋势。只有13%的患者能存活超过五年，现在的发病率是九十年代的六倍。

Oesophageal cancer is one of the world's most lethal cancers - and it's on the rise. Only 13% of patients diagnosed with oesophageal cancer survive for more than five years and it's now six times more common than it was in the 1990s.

不过，如果及早发现并治疗一种名为巴雷特食管的病症，则可以预防一半以上的病例。剑桥大学的研究人员发明了一种简单、经济高效的早期食管癌检测来做到这一点。

More than half of all cases could be prevented though, if a condition known as Barrett's oesophagus is found and treated early. Cambridge researchers have invented a simple, cost-effective early oesophageal cancer detection test to do just that.

患者吞下一个胶囊，该胶囊从食道收集细胞，整个过程仅需十分钟。Cyted随后将细胞样本数字化，由病理学家进行分析。

A patient swallows a capsule which collects cells from the oesophagus in a process that takes just ten minutes. Cyted then digitises cell samples which are analysed by its pathologists.

通常情况下，样本分析会给本已不堪重负的医疗服务带来额外的工作量。Cyted使用深度学习病理学技术完成重复性工作，病理学家只需查看不明确的病例。

Normally, analysing samples creates extra work for an already overstretched health service. Cyted uses deep learning pathology techniques to do the leg work, so that human pathologists need only look at the cases that aren't clear cut.

超过 10,000 项早期食管癌检测已推广到英国国家医疗服务中。

More than 10,000 of its early oesophageal cancer detection tests have been rolled out to NHS services across the UK.

超过 20 亿游戏玩家的在线生活因几何代数而改变。

More than 2 billion gamers have had their online lives transformed by geometric algebra.

一组剑桥天体物理学家和工程师使用这一数学框架彻底改进了世界上一些最成功游戏中的光照和图形效果。

A group of Cambridge astrophysicists and engineers used this mathematical framework to revolutionise the lighting and graphics used in some of the world's most successful gaming franchises.

他们在2005年创建了一家名为Geomerics的剑桥大学衍生公司。

They created a company, Geomerics, which spun out of the University in 2005.

2014年，Geomerics被另一家脱胎于剑桥大学的芯片设计巨头Arm收购。

In 2014, it was bought by another Cambridge success story, chip-design giant, Arm.

该技术已被主流游戏发行商用于重制90年代标志性游戏《最终幻想VII》，并升级游戏史上一些最畅销的游戏系列，包括 FIFA，仅 FIFA 就有 4500 万玩家，每年创收超过12亿美元。

The technology has been used by major games publishers to remake the iconic 90s game Final Fantasy VII and to upgrade some of the biggest blockbuster franchises in gaming history, including FIFA, which alone has 45 million players generating revenue of more than $1.2 billion each year.